U Rwanda rukeneye miliyari 6,2 mu kubaka ubukungu burengera ibidukikije

Iteganya uburyo bwo gushaka inkunga no gushora imari mu mishinga irengera ibidukikije.

Biteganywa ko ingengo y’imari yayo ari miliyari 11$, azafasha mu gushyira mu bikorwa intego u Rwanda rwihaye mu kurengera ibidukikije no kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ziri mu mujyo w’amasezerano y’i Paris ku byerekeye imihindagurikire y’ikirere [Nationally Determined Contributions- NDCs], kugeza mu 2030.

Magingo aya hamaze kuboneka miliyari 4,5$ yagenewe ibikorwa byo kuva mu 2020 kugeza mu 2025. Haracyakenewe miliyari 6,2$ azakoreshwa kugeza mu 2030.

Umusingi w’iyi gahunda, ni uguharanira ko buri shoramari rikozwe, ryaba irya Leta cyangwa iry’abikorera, riba rihuye n’iyi ntego yo kubaka ubukungu butangiza ibidukikije kandi rigabanya imyuka ihumanye yoherezwa mu kirere.

Izibanda ku ngingo eshanu z’ingenzi: kongera ishoramari mu mishinga idahumanya ikirere kandi irwanya ingaruka z’imihindagurikire yacyo, imikoreshereze ihamye y’amafaranga ya leta mu bikorwa birengera ibidukikije, gukangurira abikorera gushora imari mu mishinga ibungabunga ibidukikije, korohereza abikorera bashora imari yabo muri iyi mishinga no kunoza uburyo bwo gukurikirana no kugenzura iryo shoramari.

Ni muri urwo rwego muri MINECOFIN, hashyizweho Ishami rishinzwe kugenzura amafaranga yagenewe ibikorwa byo kubungabunga ikirere ‘Climate Finance Department’.

Rizajya rigenzura imikoreshereze y’inkunga, ritegure imishinga, kandi rishyire mu bikorwa gahunda zijyanye no gushaka ubushobozi bwo gushyigikira ibikorwa bijyanye n’ibidukikije.

Biteganyijwe ko hagati ya 2024-2026 iri shami rizatangira ibikorwa ku mugaragaro.

Ubuhinzi bwihariye 33% by’umusaruro mbumbe w’igihugu kandi bukorwamo n’abaturage bagera kuri 70%, nabwo buzitabwaho muri iyi gahunda. Biteganyijwe ko hazahindurwa uburyo bwo guhinga bigatangira gukorwa mu buryo burengera ibidukikije aho bizasaba ishoramari ryihariye rya miliyari 6,2$ kugera mu 2050, miliyari $5,6 zikava mu bikorera.

Urwego rw’ubukerarugendo rwinjije miliyoni $455 mu 2022, na rwo ruri mu zizibandwaho aho hazagurwa ibikorwa byo guteza imbere ubukerarugendo bushingiye ku bidukikije.

Iyi gahunda kandi iri mu murongo w’Icyerekezo 2050, aho u Rwanda rwifuza kuba rufite izamuka ry’ubukungu n’iterambere bijyana n’inzira y’imikoreshereze n’imicungire y’umutungo kamere mu buryo burambye, hubakwa ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.

Kugera mu 2030, u Rwanda rwifuza kuzaba rwaragabanyije ku rugero rwa 38% by’umwuka wangiza ikirere rwoherezayo.

Leta y’u Rwanda iteganya ko amafaranga akenewe azaturuka mu bikorwa bitandukanye, birimo inkunga z’amahanga ndetse n’ibikorwa by’ishoramari rishyirwa mu kurengera ibidukikije.

U Rwanda ruhagaze he?

Mu 2016 u Rwanda rwemeje amasezerano y’i Paris ku byerekeye imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Akubiyemo ingamba zo kugabanya izamuka ry’ubushyuhe ku Isi rikaguma munsi ya dogere celsius 2 nk’uko byari bimeze mu bihe bya mbere y’inganda, no gukomeza gukaza ingamba mu kugabanya ubwo bushyuhe ku buryo butarenga dogere celsius 1,5.

Harimo ingamba zo kongera ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ingaruka mbi z’imihindagurikire y’ibihe n’izo kugira iterambere ry’ubukungu riri mu mujyo wo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere kandi rishobora guhangana na yo.

Ubu hafi 5,4% [angana na miliyoni 217,6 z’amadolari y’Amerika buri mwaka hashingiwe ku ngengo y’imari ya 2023/2024] agenerwa urwego rw’ibidukikije, cyane cyane mu bijyanye no guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere na gahunda zo kurengera ibidukikije.

Ibi bivuze izamuka rya 2,1% ry’amafaranga agenerwa uru rwego ugereranyije n’imyaka yo hagati ya 2008-2012.

Iyi gahunda ya CNFS yuzuzanya neza n’intego z’u Rwanda zatumye hashyirwaho Ikigega cya Fonerwa, kuri ubu kimaze gukusanya miliyoni 300$, yashowe mu mishinga inyuranye irengera ibidukikije.

Mu 2023, u Rwanda rwamuritse uburyo bw’imikorere y’isoko rya ‘carbon market’ mu gihugu.

‘Carbon market’ ni uburyo bumeze nk’isoko risanzwe, aho Leta zitanga impushya [permits] ku bigo by’ubucuruzi bigira uruhare mu kohereza umwuka wangiza ikirere.

Impushya ikigo cyahawe, ziba zingana n’ingano y’umwuka kitagomba kurenza, cyakenera kuwurenza, kikagura izindi mpushya ku bindi bigo by’ubucuruzi, ariko byabindi biba bifite impushya zirenze ibyo zikeneye bitewe n’uko byohereza umwuka wangiza ikirere muke ugereranyije n’uwo byemerewe.

Rwabaye igihugu cya mbere mbere muri Afurika gikoze igikorwa nk’icyo.

U Rwanda kandi rwashyizeho urutonde rw’ibikwiye kugenderwaho mu gushora mu bikorwa birengera ibidukikije [Green Taxonomy], mu murongo wo kurushaho kunoza no koroshya uburyo bwo gushora imari muri uru rwego.

Iyi gahunda izatuma u Rwanda rukomeza kuba urugero rwiza mu kubungabunga ibidukikije mu Karere ndetse no muri Afurika yose.

Ntiwavuga ibimaze kugerwaho ngo wirengagize ko mu minsi yashize ku nshuro ya mbere, ku isoko ry’u Rwanda hagezeho impapuro mpeshamwenda zigamije kurengera ibidukikije zizwi nka “Green bonds”. Zari iza sosiyete itunganya amazi ya Prime Energy.

Ikindi ni uko Guverinoma y’u Rwanda izahagarika kwandika moto zikoreshwa na lisansi zitwara abagenzi mu Mujyi wa Kigali muri Mutarama 2025, hakazajya handikwa izikoreshwa n’amashanyarazi gusa, mu rwego rwo guteza imbere gahunda zibungabunga ikirere.

Ibi bikiyongera ku cyemezo Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yafashe muri Kanama 2024, cyo kongera igihe ubworoherezwe ku batumiza imodoka na moto bikoresha amashanyarazi, kugira ngo bikomeze kwishyura amahoro ku bicuruzwa byinjira mu gihugu ku gipimo cya zeru.

Hari ibimaze gukorwa..

Mu biganiro byabaye ku wa 27 Ugushyingo 2024, mu nama yigaga k’uko ibikorwa by’imari byarushaho kwegerezwa abaturage, Umunyamabanga wa Leta muri Minisiteri y’Imari n’Igenamigambi Ushinzwe Imari ya Leta, Richard Tusabe, yabwiye IGIHE ko muri miliyoni 4,5$ yabonetse yashowe mu gukumira ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ibihe no gushyira mu bikorwa imishinga ijyanye no kurengera ibidukikije.

Ati “Natanga urugero nko muri Pariki y’Ibirunga aho nk’amazi aturuka mu Birunga harebwe ni gute hashorwa imari kugira ngo aganishwe aho atari bwangize ibikorwa by’iterambere bihari, atabangamira abaturage bafite ibyo bahakorera bibatunze.”

Yavuze ko mu ishoramari ryakozwe hari n’iryakorewe mu bishanga binyuranye bikorerwamo ubuhinzi kugira ngo bube bunoze bityo ibishanga bibungabungwe.

Hari iryo gutunganya ibishanga birimo bitanu byo mu Mujyi wa Kigali ku buryo bugezweho rya miliyoni 80$, rizasiga bigizwe nka Pariki ya Nyandungu iherereye mu Karere ka Gasabo.

Tusabe ati “Ibyo byose bishingira ko twakoze isuzuma mu gihugu hose, tukareba ahantu hateye impungenge kurusha ahandi, haba habangamiwe n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.”

Amafoto ya IGIHE: Ingabire Nicole